How to Choose the Best Baby Formula

Finding the right way to feed your baby can feel overwhelming. Breastfeeding is the gold standard — it’s uniquely designed for babies, adapts to their needs, and offers countless benefits for both mother and child. But that doesn’t mean it’s always easy or always possible.

Personally, I found breastfeeding really challenging. Both my kids had digestive struggles, and after trying everything I could, I ended up mixed feeding with goat’s milk formula and breastfeeding. That combination worked for us, and it made feeding so much less stressful.

So while breastfeeding will always be encouraged and supported, if you ever find yourself standing in the formula aisle feeling unsure, know that you’re not alone. This guide will help you understand your options and find what works best for your little one.

Protein and Digestion in Baby Formula

When choosing a formula, one of the most important things to understand is the role of protein. Breastmilk naturally adapts as your baby grows, adjusting its protein composition to suit your baby’s needs. Formula, on the other hand, stays the same once you’ve chosen a particular type—so it’s worth knowing what’s in the tin.

Milk is made up of two main proteins: whey and casein.

  • Breastmilk is whey-dominant, which makes it gentler and easier for babies to digest.

  • Cow’s milk contains more casein, which can be harder on little tummies.

Because of this, many sensitive formulas are made to be 100% whey-based, helping reduce tummy discomfort and making digestion easier. Most standard formulas adjust their protein ratio to more closely mimic breastmilk, but the balance still varies between brands and stages.

Another difference is that breastmilk naturally contains beneficial bacteria (probiotics), while formula does not. Some parents choose to add probiotics to bottles to help support gut health and digestion.

It’s also helpful to know that while formulas are marketed in different “stages,” you don’t need to move on from Stage 1 once your baby starts solids. Stage 2 and 3 formulas sometimes include added vitamins or minerals, but these same nutrients can be introduced naturally through a balanced diet of solid foods. Sticking with Stage 1 is perfectly fine for the first year if it suits your baby.

Why I Often Recommend Goat’s Milk Formula

Goat’s milk formula is something I often recommend — both professionally and personally. Here’s why:

  • The protein structure is naturally closer to human milk.

  • Many families (including mine) find it’s gentler on digestion.

  • Starting with goat’s milk can be easier than switching later, as some babies resist the taste once they’re used to cow’s milk.

A quick note: always check the label, as some “goat’s milk” formulas are actually a mix of goat and cow’s milk. Both my children thrived on a combination of breastfeeding and goat’s milk formula, and I’ve seen similar results with many families I support.

Common Types of Baby Formula

Understanding the main types of formula can help you narrow down your choices and avoid overwhelm. There are several different types of formula available, each designed to meet babies’ needs in slightly different ways. They can vary in how easy they are to digest, and some parents find themselves moving from one type to another if their baby experiences tummy troubles.

  • Standard cow’s milk formula: the most widely available and affordable option; many babies thrive on it.

  • A2 cow’s milk formula: made from cows that naturally produce only the A2 protein, which is closer to the protein found in human milk. Some parents report it’s easier for babies to digest than standard cow’s milk.

  • “Gentle” or partially hydrolyzed formulas: proteins are partially broken down and are often 100% whey-based; these may help with mild digestive discomfort.

  • Specialty formulas: including soy-based, extensively hydrolyzed, or amino acid-based options. These are generally only recommended when a health professional suspects an allergy or other medical need.

Every baby is different, and what works for one may not work for another. For personalised advice, it’s always best to check in with your GP, child health nurse, or paediatrician.


Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA)

A small number of babies have an allergy to the proteins in cow’s milk. Symptoms can include:

  • blood or mucus in stools

  • widespread rash or eczema

  • wheezing or persistent cough

  • ongoing vomiting and poor weight gain

CMPA can sometimes look like common feeding troubles, so it’s important not to self-diagnose. If you’re worried, speak with a health professional before changing formulas — they can guide you to the right option if an allergy is suspected.

How to Tell if a Formula is Right for Your Baby

How to Choose:

  • Digestive comfort — look for signs your baby is settled, with minimal gas or fussiness.

  • Taste and tolerance — babies can be fussy, so once you find one that works, stick with it.

  • Consistency — when switching, allow at least 2 weeks for adjustment (unless symptoms are severe).

  • Sustainability — choose a formula that’s accessible and affordable for your family.

Signs a Formula May Not Be the Best Fit:

  • Ongoing fussiness or discomfort after feeds

  • Frequent vomiting or spit-ups

  • Constipation or unusual stools

  • Poor weight gain

A Personal Note

I’ll always encourage breastfeeding where possible — it’s the best foundation for your baby. But I also know from experience that sometimes formula is part of the journey. For us, a mix of breastfeeding and goat’s milk formula was the right balance, and it helped both my babies thrive.

Remember: there’s no one “perfect” way to feed a baby. The best choice is the one that works for your child and brings you peace of mind as a parent.

Hayley Blain